International civil society urges that development must come before Trade Facilitation in WTO

18 July, 2014

Global civil society statement on TFA (pdf) - July 18, 2014

Updated on 30 July 2014

Dear Trade Ministers and Ambassadors to the WTO,

We are writing today to urge WTO Members to condition the entry into force of the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) to the conclusion and fulfillment of the Development mandate under the Doha negotiations.

As members of  259* civil society organizations and trade unions from over 150 countries of the global North and South, we have long advocated for a sustainable and socially just global trade framework. Since the inception of the WTO, developing countries have made positive proposals seeking to improve the rules of the global trade system in favor of development. Lamentably, throughout the Doha Round, we have witnessed the often successful efforts by developed countries to push aside key development–oriented proposals put forth by developing countries and Least Developed Countries (LDCs) in favor of market access demands that benefit developed-country exporting and importing corporations.

Unfortunately, the outcomes of the 9thMinisterial Conference in Bali were similarly imbalanced. The issues of urgency for developing countries, such as the G33 proposal to allow developing countries to invest in Food Security, were sidelined, and the LDC proposals were concluded only in “best endeavor” language. However, the developed country agenda, reflected in the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA),was concluded with binding rules that carry extensive regulatory, capital and recurring cost implications, which, could divert limited resources away from priority development needs such as health, education, and domestic infrastructure investments in LDCs and developing countries. At the same time, there has been a gaping lack of enforceable commitment from the developed countries in terms of concrete additional and long-term financial contributions to support implementation of the Agreement, although this was promised at the onset of the trade facilitation negotiations. Thus, if allowed to enter into force as a stand-alone agreement irrespective of the rest of the issues of concern to developing countries and LDCs, the TFA would severely tilt the trade rules in the WTO even more in favor of developed countries and their multi-national corporations.

Developing country and LDC members of the WTO are correct to demand that the TFA only enters into force upon completion of the single undertaking under the Doha Work Programme, and particularly the fulfillment of its Development mandate. It must be recalled that developing countries only agreed to initiate the Doha Round on the basis that Development issues would form the core of the mandate. It would be unconscionable for the liberalization demands of the developed countries to form an “Early Harvest” at the expense of concluding binding rules on Food Security, LDCs issues, and other urgent development-focused proposals which require the full and immediate attention of WTO members.

Developing countries and LDCs have made concrete proposals regarding the Development mandate, including implementation issues, strengthening and operationalizing Special and Differential Treatment (SDT), agriculture, and LDCs issues, and it is these issues which must be re-prioritized in the agenda. In particular, agriculture rules must be changed to ensure that developing countries have the policy space to invest in increasing agricultural production, particularly among small farmers, to achieve Food Security. Many of these proposals are similar to the demands of civil society for a transformation of the current trade regime, which are detailed in the Turnaround Statement endorsed by hundreds of organizations working through the Our World Is Not for Sale (OWINFS) network. Thus, we urge WTO Members to condition the entry into force of the TFA to the conclusion and fulfillment of the Development mandate and further negotiations necessary for the transformation of the global trade regime.

In addition, we have been extremely dismayed to witness the pressuring discourse adopted by the WTO’s new Director General, Roberto Azevêdo, in his address to Members in regard to the TFA, specifically witnessed in his speech to the latest Trade Negotiations Committee meeting on 25 June 2014. We strongly urge WTO members to ensure a proper functioning of the WTO secretariat in a manner that respects the member-driven nature of the organization.

*The original version sent on July 18 included 156 signatories.


Sincerely,

 

International and Regional organizations and Networks


1

ACP Civil Society Forum

The Forum is a coalition of 80 not-for-profit organisations working on issues relating to ACP-EU development cooperation. It seeks to cater for the diverse range civil society development issues within the wide geographic coverage of the ACP group.

2

ActionAid International

ActionAid is an international organisation, working with over 15 million people in 45 countries for a world free from poverty and injustice.

3

African Forum and Network on Debt and Development (AFRODAD)

AFRODAD aspires for equitable and sustainable development leading to a prosperous Africa. It contribute towards influencing policy change that redress and avert Africa’s debt and development challenges based on a human rights value system

4

Arab NGO Network for Development (ANND)

ANND is a regional network, working in 12 Arab countries with seven national networks (with an extended membership of 200 CSOs from different backgrounds) and 23 NGO members.

5

Association for Women's Rights in Development (AWID)

AWID is an international, feminist, membership organization committed to achieving gender equality, sustainable development and women's human rights. AWID members are researchers, academics, students, educators, activists, business people, policy-makers, development practitioners, funders, and more.

6

Caribbean Youth Environment Network (CYEN)

CYEN is a regional organisation whose membership comprises youth groups and individual youth.  It aims to promote youth in the Caribbean to take positive action on issues related to environment and sustainable development. It has members and affiliates in fifteen Caribbean territories

7

Consejo Sindical Unitario de Amèrica Central y el Caribe (CSU)

CSU representa 30 y confederaciones centrales de la subregión. CSU tienen las organizaciones en Guatemala, Belice, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panamá y República Dominicana.

8

Dignity International

Dignity International’s vision is of a world in which everyone enjoys human rights and lives in dignity; free from fear, poverty and discrimination. Dignity International advocates with, connects, and supports the empowerment of deprived and struggling communities in claiming their human rights, and creating social justice around the world.

9

IBFAN-GIFA (International Baby Food Action Network / Geneva Infant Feeding Association)

IBFAN - GIFA is the international liaison office for the IBFAN network, a 35-year old coalition working on the nutrition of infants and young children. It serves as an interface between the network of more than 273 not-for-profit non-governmental organisations in more than 168 countries, and the UN organizations, human treaty bodies and Geneva-based international NGOs.

10

International AIDS Women's Caucus (IAWC)

The IAWC is an international organization of women’s rights and HIV/AIDS activists and organizations of women affected and infected by HIV/AIDS from around the world, who advocate at the international and regional level about the impact of the HIV/AIDS pandemic on women and girls.

11

IUF-UITA-IUL - International Union of Food, Agricultural, Hotel, Restaurant, Catering, Tobacco and Allied Workers' Associations (IUF)

IUF is an international federation is currently composed of 387 trade unions in 125 countries representing a combined representational membership of over 12 million workers.

12

LDC Watch

LDC Watch is a global alliance of national, regional and international civil society organisations (CSOs), networks and movements based in the Least Developed Countries (LDCs).

13

LDC Watch-Africa

LDC WATCH-AFRICA LDC WATCH est le réseau international des organisations de la société civile et des mouvements sociaux des pays les moins avancés (PMA) dont l’objectif est de faire entendre la voix des populations de ces pays au niveau international, au sein des Nations-Unies et dans les organisations internationales afin de faire respecter les engagements en faveur de ces populations contenus dans les programmes d’action pour les PMA.

14

Pacific Network on Globalization (PANG)

PANG is a Pacific regional network promoting economic justice in globalisation with specific attention to:1) Accountability and transparency in economic and trade policy processes, 2) Poverty eradication, 3) Equitable development and sustainable livelihoods (opportunity, access, impact) and 4) Food sovereignty and environmental sustainability.

15

PANOS Caribbean

Panos Caribbean is a regional organization which helps journalists to cover sustainable development issues that are overlooked and misunderstood.

16

Pax Romana ICMICA

Global network of Catholic leaders committed to justice, peace and creation.

17

Plataforma Interamericana de Derechos humanos, Democracia y Desarrollo (PIDHDD)

La PIDHDD es un actor político, conformado por Capítulos Nacionales que articulan organizaciones sociales e instituciones de la sociedad civil, que promueve la plena vigencia y realización de los derechos humanos; Actualmente, se cuenta con capítulos nacionales constituidos y en funcionamiento en 16 países del continente americano: Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Dominicana, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, México, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay y Venezuela.

18

Public Services International (PSI)

Public Services International (PSI) is a global trade union federation dedicated to promoting quality public services in every part of the world. PSI brings together more than 20 million workers, represented by 650 unions in 150 countries and territories. 

19

Social Watch

Social Watch is an international network of citizens’ organizations struggling to eradicate poverty and the causes of poverty, to ensure an equitable distribution of wealth and the realization of human rights. Social Watch is committed to social, economic and gender justice, and emphasizes the right of all people not to be poor.

20

Southern and Eastern African Trade Information and Negotiations Institute (SEATINI)

An African initiative to strengthen Africa's capacity to take a more effective part in the emerging global trading system and to better manage the process of Globalization.

21

The Fair Trade Advocacy Office (FTAO)

FTAO works to improve the livelihoods of marginalised producers and workers in the South. It is a joint initiative of Fairtrade International, the European Fair Trade Association and the World Fair Trade Organization-Europe. Through these three networks it represents an estimate of 2.5 million Fair Trade producers and workers from 70 countries, 24 labelling initiatives, over 500 specialised Fair Trade importers, 4,000 World Shops and more than 100,000 volunteers.

22

The Society for International Development (SID)

The SID is an international network of individuals and organizations founded in 1957 to promote economic and social justice and foster democratic participation in the development process”

23

Third World Network (TWN)

Third World Network (TWN) is an independent non-profit international network of organisations and individuals involved in issues relating to development, developing countries and North-South affairs.

National Organizations

24

Confederación de Trabajadores Municipales (CTM)

Argentina

25

Fórum das Organizações Não Governamentais Angolanas (FONGA)

Angola

26

Gilbert Agricultural and Rural Development Centre (GARDC)

Antigua and Barbuda

27

Directorate of Gender Affairs Crisis Centre

Antigua and Barbuda

28

Women Against Rape Inc.

Antigua and Barbuda

29

Fundación para Estudio e Investigación de la Mujer (FEIM)

Argentina

30

Australian Fair Trade and Investment Network

Australia

31

New South Wales Nurses and Midwives’ Association

Australia

32

Australian Services Union (ASU)

Australia

33

SEARCH Foundation

Australia

34

 Informationsgruppe Lateinamerika – IGLA

Austria

35

Civil Society Bahamas

Bahamas

36

Bahamas Crisis Centre

Bahamas

37

Bahrain Transparency Society

Bahrain

38

Equity and Justice Working Group Bangladesh (EquityBD)

Bangladesh

39

Bangladesh Krishok Federation

Bangladesh

40

Center for Participatory Research and Development (CPRD)

Bangladesh

41

PGCB Sramik Karmachari Union (PGCBSKU)

Bangladesh

42

VOICE

Bangladesh

43

Barbados Association of Non Governmental Organizations

Barbados

44

Young Women's Christian Association of Barbados

Barbados

45

Business and Professional Women’s Club of Barbados

Barbados

46

Caribbean Women’s Association, (CARIWA)

Barbados

47

Save Foundation

Barbados

48

Belize Enterprise for Sustainable Technology

Belize

49

Women’s Issues Network of Belize (WINBELIZE)

Belize

50

Dynamique OSCAF (Organisations de la Société Civile d'Afrique Francophone)

Benin Republic

51

Plateforme des Acteurs de la Sociiété Civile au Bénin (PASCIB)

Benin Republic

52

Groupe de Recherche et d'Action pour la Promotion de l'Agriculture et du Développement (GRAPAD)

Benin Republic

53

 Agence Afrique Performance (AfriPerf)

Benin Republic

54

Justicia, Salud & Desarrollo

Bolivia

55

Botswana Council of Non Governmental Organisations (BOCONGO)

Botswana

56

Rede Brasileira Pela Integração dos Povos (REBRIP)

Brazil

57

Instituto Justiça Fiscal

Brazil

58

Cadre de concertation des OSC pour le suivi du CSLP (CdC/CSLP)

Burkina Faso

59

Civil Society Organization Network for Development (RESOCIDE)

Burkina Faso

60

Action Développement et Intégration Régionale (ADIR)

Burundi

61

Independent Civil-Servants Association (CICA)

Cambodia

62

Conseil des ONG Agrees du Cameroun (CONGAC )

Cameroon

63

Africa Development Interchange Network (ADIN)

Cameroon

64

The National Union of Public and General Employees

Canada

65

Syndicat de la fonction publique et parapublique du Québec

Canada

66

Global Compliance Research Project

Canada

67

Association Commerciale, Agricole, Industriel et du Service (ACAISA)

Cape Verde

68

Conseil Inter ONG En Centrafrique (CIONGCA)

Central African Rep.

69

Centre d’Information et de Liaison des ONG (CILONG)

Chad

70

Asociacion Ambiente y Sociedad

Colombia

71

Central Unitaria de Trabajadores (CUT)

Colombia

72

La Asociación de Servidores Públicos Departamentales y Municipales

Colombia

73

Conseil de Concertation des ONGs de Développement (CCOD)

Congo

74

Cook Islands Association of Non-Governmental Organisations (CIANGO)

Cook Islands

75

Comision Nacional de Enlace (CNE)

Costa Rica

76

Sociedad Económica de Amigos del País

Cuba

77

Conseil National des ONG de Développement (CNONGD)

D.R. Congo

78

Kalingo Carib Council

Dominica

79

Alianza ONG

Dominican Republic

80

National Coalition of Dominican Women

Dominican Republic

81

Dominican Republic Trade union (CNUS)

Dominican Republic

82

Centro de Documentación en Derechos Humanos “Segundo Montes Mozo S.J.” (CSMM)

Ecuador

83

Red Mujeres Transformando la Economia (REMTE)

Ecuador

84

Egyptian Center for Economic and Social Rights

Egypt

85

Red De Accion Ciudadana Frente Al Libre Comercio E Inversion Sinti Techan

El Salvador

86

Forum des ONG pour le Développement Durable (FONGDD)

Eq. Guinea

87

Cotonou Task Force

Ethiopia

88

Poverty Action Network in Ethiopia (PANE)

Ethiopia

89

Solidarité

France

90

Concertation Nationale Des Organisations paysannes et des Producteurs (CNOP)

Gabon

91

Worldview

Gambia

92

Agricultural Workers Union of TUC

Ghana

93

Public Services Workers’ Union of TUC

Ghana

94

Inter Agency Group of Development Organizations (IAGDO)

Grenada

95

Grenada National Organization of Women (GNOW)

Grenada

96

Alianza Política Sector de Mujeres

Guatemala

97

Federation de Femmes Enterpreneurs et Affairs de la CEDEAO (FEFA)

Guinea

98

Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisa (INEI)

Guinea-Bissau

99

Women Across Differences (WAD)

Guyana

100

Guyana Association of Women Lawyers

Guyana

101

Help & Shelter

Guyana

102

Plateforme Haïtienne de Plaidoyer pour un Développement Alternatif (PAPDA)

Haiti

103

Christian Aid

Haiti

104

Programme de Plaidoyer Pour une Intégration Alternative (PPIA)

Haïti

105

Wemos

Holland

106

CNS Vote For Health campaign

India

107

Asha Parivar

India

108

National Alliance of People's Movements (NAPM)

India

109

All India Union of Forest Working People (AIUFWP)

India

110

All India National Life Insurance Employees Federation (AINLIEF)

India

111

Right to Food Campaign

India

112

Karnataka Government Employees Union (KSGEU)

India

113

Jagriti - The Awareness

India

114

Bharatiya Krishak Samaj

India

115

Institute for Global Justice (IGJ)

Indonesia

116

SP PDAM (Unions Regional Water Company Jakarta)

Indonesia

117

Union of Engineering and Technical Professions South Electricity Sector (UETPSES)

Iraq

118

Comhlámh

Ireland

119

Confederazione Generale Italiana del Lavoro (CGIL)

Italy

120

FairWatch

Italy

121

Alliance Pour la Reconstruction et le Developpement Post-Conflit (ARDPC)

Ivory Coast

122

Jamaica Civil Service Association

Jamaica

123

 Association of Women’s Organization of Jamaica (AWOJA)

Jamaica

124

Eve for Life

Jamaica

125

Jamaica Community of Positive Women

Jamaica

126

Jamaica Civil Society Coalition

Jamaica

127

Jamaica Forum of Lesbians, Gays and All-Sexuals (J-FLAG)

Jamaica

128

Jamaica Youth Advocacy Network

Jamaica

129

GROOTS

Jamaica

130

Quality of Citizenship Jamaica

Jamaica

131

Institute of Gender and Development Studies (IGDS)

Jamaica

132

Jamaica Network of Rural Women Producers

Jamaica

133

SISTREN Theatre Collective

Jamaica

134

Women’s Committee of the G2K  (Jamaica Labour Party  Youth Arm)

Jamaica

135

Women’s Media Watch (WMW)

Jamaica

136

Woman Inc.

Jamaica

137

Women’s Resource and Outreach Centre (WROC)

Jamaica

138

Young Women’s Leadership Initiative

Jamaica

139

Fifty-One Percent Coalition

Jamaica

140

Lawyers' for Defending Human Right Society

Jordan

141

Kenya Debt Relief Network (KENDREN)

Kenya

142

National Council of NGOs

Kenya

143

Economic News Africa (Econews Africa)

Kenya

144

Union of Kenya Civil Servants

Kenya

145

Kenya Union Of Commercial Food And Allied Workers (KUKFAW)

Kenya

146

Kiribati Association of Non-Governmental Organisation (KANGO)

Kiribati

147

Syndicate of Kadischa

Lebanon

148

la syndicat des ouvriers et d'employer de l'établissement des eaux de Liban nord

Lebanon

149

Consumers Protection Association (CPA)

Lesotho

150

Lesotho Council of NGOs (LCN)

Lesotho

151

Policy Analysis and Research Institute of Lesotho (PARIL)

Lesotho

152

West African Women Association (WAWA)

Liberia

153

Plate-Forme Nationale des Organisations de la Societe Civile de Madagascar

Madagascar

154

Malawi Economic Justice Network

Malawi

155

Amalgamated Union of Employees in Government Clerical and Allied Services (AUEGCAS)

Malaysia

156

School of Acting Justly, Loving Tenderly, Treading Humbly (SALT 4)

Malaysia

157

Appui Solidaire Pour Le Renforcement De L'aide Au Developpement (ASRAD)

Mali

158

Foundation pour le Developpment au Sahel (FDS)

Mali

159

Oeuvre Malienne d'Aide a L'Enfance du Sahel (OMAES)

Mali

160

Marshall Islands Council of NGOs (MICNGOS)

Marshall Islands

161

Association pour le developpement et de la promotion des droits humains

Mauritania

162

Mauritius Council of Social Service (MACOSS)

Mauritius

163

Unión Popular Valle Gómez

Mexico

164

Grupo Tacuba

Mexico

165

Asesoría e Investigación

Mexico

166

Jóvenes frente al G20

Mexico

167

Foro Social México Global

Mexico

168

Red Nacional Genero Y Economia

Mexico

169

Asociación Nacional de Industriales de Transformación

Mexico

170

Centro de Estudios Sociales y Culturales

Mexico

171

Centro de Promoción y Educación Profesional Vasco de Quiroga, A. C.

Mexico

172

Grupo de Trabajo G8/G20

Mexico

173

FSM Alliance of NGOs (FANGO)

Micronesia

174

National Forum for Mozambiquan NGOs and CBOs (TEIA)

Mozambique

175

Namibia Non-Governmental Organisations Forum Trust

Namibia

176

Nauru Island Association of NGOs (NIANGO)

Nauru

177

Union of Public Services in Nepal (UPSIN)

Nepal

178

All Nepal Peasants Federation

Nepal

179

Nepal Film Workers Union

Nepal

180

Abvakabo FNV

Netherlands

181

Platform Aarde Boer Consument

Netherlands

182

Both ENDS

Netherlands

183

National du Réseau des Ong de Développement et Associations de Défense des Droits de l'Homme et de la Démocratie (RODADDHD)

Niger

184

Labour,Health and Human Rights Development Centre

Nigeria

185

Nigeria Civil Service Union

Nigeria

186

National Association of Nigerian Traders (NANTS)

Nigeria

187

Nigerian Union of Local Government Employees

Nigeria

188

Amalgamated Union (AUPCTRE ) Affiliate of Nigeria Labour Congress

Nigeria

189

Niger Delta Women's movement for Peace and Development  (NDWPD)

Nigeria

190

Niue Island (Umbrella) Association of NGOs (NIUANGO)

Niue

191

Baluchistan Rural Development & Research Society (BRDRS)

Pakistan

192

Public Sector Employees Federation of Pakistan (PSEFP)

Pakistan

193

Dharti Development Foundation

Pakistan

194

Roots for Equity

Pakistan

195

All Pakistan Wapda Hydro Electric Workers Union (CBA)

Pakistan

196

Federación Nacional de Asociaciones y Organizaciones de Empleados Públicos (FENASEP)

Panama

197

Grupo de Agroecología y Soberanía Alimentaria (GASA)

Panama

198

Melanesian NGO Centre for Leadership (MNCL)

Papua New Guinea

199

Federación Nacional de Trabajadores del Agua Potable del Perú FENTAP

Peru

200

Initiatives for Dialogue and Empowerment through Alternative Legal Services (IDEALS)

Philippines

201

WomanHealth Philippines

Philippines

202

Campaign for a Life of Dignity for All (KAMP)

Philippines

203

Mission for Victims of Human Trafficking Overseas Filipino Workers and their Families Board of Women's Work - The United Methodist Church

Philippines

204

Rwanda Civil Society Platform

Rwanda

205

Samoa Umbrella for Non Governmental Organisation (SUNGO)

Samoa

206

Ole Siosiomaga Society Incorporated (OLSSI)

Samoa

207

Forum das Ong de São Tomé e Principe (FONG-STP)

Sao Tomé and Principe

208

Plate-forme des acteurs non étatiques pour le suivi de l'Accord de Cotonou au Sénégal

Senegal

209

ARCADE

Sénégal

210

Forum Africain des Alternatives

Sénégal

211

Panafricaine pour l’Education au Développement durable

Sénégal

212

Forum social sénégalais ( FSS)

Sénégal

213

Liaison Unit of the non-governmental organisations of Seychelles -(LUNGOS)

Seychelles

214

Africa Youth Coalition  Against Hunger Sierra Leone

Sierra Leone

215

Economic Justice Netowrk Sierra Leone

Sierra Leone

216

Civil Society Movement of Sierra Leone

Sierra Leone

217

Development Service Exchange (DSE)

Solomon Islands

218

Congress of South African Trade Union (COSATU)

South Africa

219

South African NGO Council (SANGOCO)

South Africa

220

Centre for Civil Society Economic Justice Project

South Africa

221

Cooperative and Policy Alternative Center

South Africa

222

Community Empowerment for Progress Organization (CEPO)

South Sudan

223

Association pour la Taxation des Transactions financière et l'Aide aux Citoyens (ATTAC)

Spain

224

Confederation of Public Services Independent Trade Unions

Sri Lanka

225

Iyanola (St.Lucia) Council for the Advancement of Rastafari Incorperated (ICAR)

St. Lucia

226

Caribbean Association for Feminist Research and Action (CAFRA)

St. Lucia

227

Saint Lucia Crisis Centre

St. Lucia

228

Windward Islands Farmers’ Association (WINFA)

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

229

Stichting Projekta

Suriname

230

Foundation Ultimate Purpose (UP)

Suriname

231

Council for NGOs (CANGO)

Swaziland

232

Berne Declaration

Switzerland

233

Health Innovation in Practice

Switzerland

234

Governance Links Tanzania

Tanzania

235

Tanzania Association of NGOs

Tanzania

236

The Asia Foundation

Timor-Leste

237

La'o Hamutuk (The Timor-Leste Institute for Development Monitoring and Analysis)

Timor-Leste

238

Groupe d'Action et de Reflexion sur l'Environnement et le Développement (GARED)

Togo

239

Civil Society Forum of Tonga (CSFT)

Tonga

240

Grassroots Organisations of Trinidad & Tobago (GOTT)

Trinidad & Tobago

241

Caribbean Association for Feminist Research and Action (CAFRA)

Trinidad and Tobago

242

Tuvalu Association of NGOs (TANGO)

Tuvalu

243

Centre for Health Human Rights and Development (CEHURD)

Uganda

244

Consumer Education Trust

Uganda

245

Support for Women in Agriculture and Environment (SWAGEN)

Uganda

246

World Development Movement

United Kingdom

247

National Justice and Peace Network

United Kingdom

248

Central America Women's Network (CAWN)

United Kingdom

249

Trade Justice Movement

United Kingdom

250

War on Want

United Kingdom

251

American Federation of Teachers

United States

252

Global Exchange

United States

253

Washington Fair Trade Coalition

United States

254

REDES-FoE

Uruguay

255

Vanuatu Association of NGOs (VANGO)

Vanuatu

256

Aljawf Women Organization For Development

Yemen

257

Eastern and Southern Africa Small-scale Farmer’s Forum (ESAFF) Zambia

Zambia

258

Zambia Council for Social Development

Zambia

259

National Association of NGOs (NANGO)

Zimbabwe